When considering a backup generator for a small house, the first step is to assess your power requirements. Small houses typically have a range of essential appliances. These may include refrigerators, which are crucial for keeping food fresh. A standard household refrigerator usually consumes around 100 – 200 watts during normal operation but may have a higher starting wattage, often up to 800 – 1200 watts for a short period when it kicks on. Lighting is another key consideration. LED lights are becoming increasingly popular due to their energy – efficiency. A single LED bulb might use only 5 – 15 watts, and if you have, say, 10 – 15 light fixtures throughout the small house, the total lighting load could be in the range of 50 – 225 watts.
For those with a small – sized air – conditioning unit or a space heater for comfort during extreme weather, the power demand can be significant. A small window air conditioner may require 500 – 1500 watts, while a portable space heater could consume 750 – 1500 watts. If you also have electronics like a television and a few chargers for mobile devices and laptops, these add to the overall load. A typical TV might use 50 – 300 watts, and chargers usually draw a few watts each.
Types of Generators Suitable for Small Houses
Gasoline Generators
Gasoline generators are a common option. They are relatively easy to start and can provide power quickly. They often have a compact design, which is suitable for the limited storage space in a small house. However, they tend to have a higher fuel consumption rate compared to some other types. For example, a small gasoline generator running at half – load might consume around 0.5 – 1 gallon of gasoline per hour. This means that for extended power outages, you may need to frequently refill the fuel tank. Also, gasoline has a shorter shelf – life compared to diesel, usually around 3 – 6 months if stored properly, so it may require more frequent fuel replacement to ensure the generator can start when needed.
Propane Generators
Propane generators are another viable choice. Propane is a clean – burning fuel, which means it produces fewer emissions compared to gasoline. It also has a longer shelf – life, with propane tanks able to store the fuel for years without significant degradation. Propane generators can be connected to a larger propane tank, which is convenient as it reduces the frequency of refueling during long power outages. However, propane generators may be slightly more expensive to purchase upfront compared to gasoline generators of similar power output. Additionally, the power output of propane generators might be a bit lower than what you could get from a diesel generator in the same size and price range.
Diesel Generators
Diesel generators are known for their durability and high – torque output. They can run for longer periods on a single tank of fuel compared to gasoline generators. Diesel has a higher energy density, so a diesel generator can produce more power per gallon of fuel. For example, a small diesel generator might consume only 0.2 – 0.5 gallons of diesel per hour at half – load. Diesel generators also tend to be more robustly built, which means they can withstand more rugged use and are less likely to break down during extended operation. However, diesel generators can be noisier than some other types, although modern models often come with features to reduce noise levels. They also require regular maintenance, such as oil changes and filter replacements, to keep them running smoothly.
Key Features to Look for in a Backup Generator
Power Output
The power output of the generator is crucial. It should be able to handle the total wattage of all the essential appliances you want to run simultaneously. As mentioned earlier, consider both the running wattage and the starting wattage of your appliances. For a small house, a generator with a power output in the range of 3 – 8 kilowatts (kW) might be sufficient if you only need to power basic appliances like a refrigerator, lights, and a few electronics. However, if you plan to run larger appliances such as an air conditioner or a space heater, you may need a generator with a higher power output, perhaps in the 8 – 15 kW range.
Noise Level
Since you are using the generator in a residential area, noise level is an important factor. A noisy generator can be a nuisance to you and your neighbors. Look for generators with noise – reducing features. Some generators come with sound – insulated enclosures, which can significantly reduce the noise emitted. Quiet – running generators are often rated in decibels (dB). For a small house, a generator with a noise level of around 60 – 70 dB at a distance of 7 meters is considered relatively quiet and won’t disrupt your daily activities or conversations.
Fuel Efficiency
Fuel efficiency is essential, especially if you expect to use the generator frequently or during long power outages. As discussed, different types of generators have different fuel consumption rates. Diesel generators, for instance, are generally more fuel – efficient than gasoline generators. When comparing generators of the same power output, check the fuel consumption specifications provided by the manufacturer. A more fuel – efficient generator will not only save you money on fuel costs but also allow you to run the generator for longer periods without refueling.
Ease of Maintenance
Generators require regular maintenance to ensure they are always in working condition. Look for generators that are easy to maintain. This includes features such as easily accessible oil dipsticks for checking and changing oil, filters that are simple to replace, and clear instructions for routine maintenance tasks. Some generators also come with self – diagnostic features that can alert you to potential problems, making it easier to keep the generator in good working order.
Starting Mechanism
The starting mechanism of the generator is another important aspect. There are two main types: manual start and electric start. Manual start generators require you to pull a cord to start the engine, similar to starting a lawnmower. While this can be a reliable method, it can be physically demanding, especially if you are not in good health or if you need to start the generator quickly during an emergency. Electric start generators, on the other hand, can be started with the push of a button, much like starting a car. Some more advanced models even come with remote – start capabilities, allowing you to start the generator from inside your house, which is very convenient.
Installation and Safety Considerations
Installation Location
When installing a backup generator for your small house, choose a suitable location. The generator should be placed in a well – ventilated area, away from the house and any windows or doors. This is to prevent the build – up of carbon monoxide, a dangerous and odorless gas produced by the generator during operation. A good rule of thumb is to place the generator at least 10 feet away from the house. It should also be on a level surface to ensure stable operation. If you live in an area with frequent rain or snow, consider installing the generator in a location that is protected from the elements or use a generator cover designed to withstand the weather.
Safety Features
Make sure the generator you choose has essential safety features. This includes overload protection, which shuts off the generator if it is overloaded, preventing damage to the generator and your appliances. Some generators also have low – oil shutdown features, which stop the engine if the oil level gets too low, protecting the engine from damage. Additionally, look for generators with grounding features to prevent electrical shocks.
Conclusion
Selecting the best backup generator for a small house involves carefully considering your power needs, the type of generator, its features, and safety aspects. By assessing the power requirements of your essential appliances, understanding the pros and cons of different generator types such as gasoline, propane, and diesel, and looking for key features like appropriate power output, low noise, high fuel efficiency, ease of maintenance, and a reliable starting mechanism, you can make an informed decision. Additionally, proper installation in a safe location and ensuring the generator has necessary safety features are crucial. With the right backup generator, you can ensure that your small house remains powered during unexpected power outages, providing you with comfort and peace of mind.
